| CHOİSİSSEZ VOTRE NİVEAU ET ENTREZ |
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French & German Comparative Tutorial I: Learn Two Languages Simultaneously
Rocket French | Rocket German
Basic Phrases
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English
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French
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German
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Good morning
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Bonjour
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Guten Morgen
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Good day/afternoon
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Bonjour
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Guten Tag
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Good evening
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Bonsoir
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Guten Abend
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Good night (going to bed)
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Bonne nuit
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Gute Nacht
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Hello / Hi
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Bonjour / Salut
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Hallo / Tag
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Bye
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Salut / Coucou
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Tag / Tschüss / Tschau
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Goodbye
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Au revoir
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Auf Wiedersehen
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Thank you (very much)
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Merci (beaucoup)
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Danke (schön)
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You're welcome
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De rien
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Bitte schön
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Don't mention it
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Il n'y a pas de quoi
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Nichts zu danken!
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Please
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S'il vous plaît
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Bitte
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How are you? (formal)
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Comment allez-vous?
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Wie geht es Ihnen?
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How are you? (informal)
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Ça va?
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Wie geht's?
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I'm (really) good.
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Je vais (très) bien.
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Mir geht's (sehr) gut.
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I'm fine / OK.
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Ça va.
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Es geht.
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What's your name? (f)
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Comment vous appelez-vous?
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Wie heißen Sie?
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What's your name? (in)
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Tu t'appelles comment?
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Wie heißt du?
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My name is…
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Je m'appelle…
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Ich heiße…
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Where are you from? (f)
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D'où venez-vous?
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Woher kommen Sie?
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Where are you from? (in)
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Tu es d'où?
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Woher kommst du?
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I'm from….
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Je suis de…
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Ich bin aus…
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How old are you?
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Quel âge avez-vous?
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Wie alt sind Sie?
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How old are you?
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Tu as quel âge?
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Wie alt bist du?
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I'm ___ years old.
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J'ai ___ ans.
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Ich bin ___ Jahre alt.
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Yes / No
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Oui / Non
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Ja / Nein
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Do you speak … ? (f)
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Parlez-vous …
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Sprechen Sie…
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Do you speak … ? (inf)
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Est-ce que tu parles …
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Sprichst du…
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I (don't) speak…
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Je (ne) parle (pas)…
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Ich spreche (kein)…
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I (don't) know
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Je (ne) sais (pas).
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Ich weiß (nicht).
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Do you understand? (f)
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Comprenez-vous?
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Verstehen Sie?
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Do you understand? (inf)
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Est-ce que tu comprends?
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Verstehst du?
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I (don't) understand
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Je (ne) comprends (pas).
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Ich verstehe (nicht).
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Can you help me? (f)
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Pouvez-vous m'aider?
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Können Sie mir helfen?
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Can you help me? (inf)
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Est-ce que tu peux m'aider?
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Kannst du mir helfen?
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Of course.
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Bien sûr
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Na klar.
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I would like…
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Je voudrais…
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Ich möchte…
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Where is / are … ?
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Où est / sont… ?
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Wo ist / sind… ?
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Excuse me
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Excusez-moi
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Entschuldigung!
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Pardon me
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Pardonnez-moi
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Verzeihung!
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I'm sorry
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Je suis désolé(e).
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Es tut mir leid.
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Come in
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Entrez
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Herein
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See you tomorrow
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A demain
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Bis morgen
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See you later / soon
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A tout à l'heure / A bientôt
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Bis später / Bis bald
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Mister / Misses / Miss
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Monsieur / Madame / Mademoiselle
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Herr / Frau / Fräulein
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Nice to meet you.
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Enchanté(e).
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Angenehm.
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Same here / likewise.
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Enchanté(e).
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Freut mich.
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Pardon?
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Comment?
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Wie bitte?
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How do you say … ?
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Comment dit-on … ?
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Was sagt man … ?
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What's the matter?
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Qu'est-ce qu'il y a?
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Was ist los?
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What's happening?
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Qu'est-ce qui se passe?
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Was passiert?
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There is / are…
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Il y a…
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Es gibt…
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What is it?
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Qu'est-ce que c'est que ça?
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Was ist das?
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Right?
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N'est-ce pas?
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Nicht wahr?
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That depends
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Cela dépend
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Es kommt darauf an
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I don't think so
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Je ne crois pas
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Ich glaube nicht
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I think so
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Je crois que oui
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Ich glaube schon
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I don't mind
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Ça me dérange pas
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Es macht mir nichts aus
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It doesn't matter.
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Ça ne fait rien
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Das macht nichts
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I have no idea.
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Je n'ai aucune idée
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Ich habe keine Ahnung
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I don't care.
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Ça m'est égal
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Das ist mir egal.
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I'm tired / sick.
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Je suis fatigué(e) / malade
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Ich bin müde / krank
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I'm hungry / thirsty.
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J'ai faim / soif
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Ich habe Hunger / Durst
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I'm cold / hot.
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J'ai froid / chaud
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Mir ist kalt / heiss
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I'm bored.
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Je m'ennuie
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Mir ist langweilig
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I forgot.
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J'ai oublié
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Ich habe vergessen
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I have to go.
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Je dois y aller
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Ich muss gehen
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Welcome!
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Bienvenue
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Willkommen
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Let's go!
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Allons-y
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Gehen wir
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Good luck!
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Bonne chance
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Viel Glück
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Have fun! (f / inf)
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Amusez-vous bien ! / Amuse-toi !
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Amüsiert dich! / Amüsieren Sie sich!
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Bless you!
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A tes souhaits !
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Gesundheit!
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Cheers!
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Santé !
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Prost!
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Pay attention! / Be careful!
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Fais gaffe / Faites attention
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Paß auf / Passen Sie auf
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Don't worry! (inf)
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Ne t'en fais pas
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Keine Angst
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Shut up! (f / inf)
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Taisez-vous / Tais-toi
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Seien ruhig / Sei ruhig
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Congratulations!
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Félicitations
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Herzlichen Glückwunsch
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Merry Christmas
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Joyeux Noël
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Frohe Weihnachten
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Happy New Year
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Bonne Année
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Gutes Neues Jahr
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Happy Easter
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Joyeuses Pâques
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Frohe Ostern
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Happy Birthday
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Bon anniversaire
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Alles Gutes zum Geburtstag
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Enjoy the meal!
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Bon appétit
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Guten Appetit
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Have a safe journey!
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Bon voyage
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Gute Reise
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Have a good holiday!
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Bonnes vacances
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Einen schönen Urlaub
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Have a nice day!
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Bonne journée
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Schönen Tag noch
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I love you. (sing.)
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Je t'aime
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Ich liebe dich
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I miss you. (sing.)
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Tu me manques
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Du fehlst mir
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Pronunciation
Vowels in French and German are pure, so make sure not to add an extra yuh or wuh sound that is common in English, i.e. say ee, not ee-yuh. French has 12 vowels and German has 16. Some of these vowels (highlighted in blue) do not exist in English. And it should be noted that some dialects of French, such as Quebecois, do have some of the same vowels as German and English that are missing from the standard French dialect: [ɪ], [ʏ], and [ʊ]. I'm using the International Phonetic Alphabet symbols for the pronunciaton.
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French Vowels
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German Vowels
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English Pronunciation
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[i]
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vie, midi, lit, riz
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[i]
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viel, ziehen
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meet, eat
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[y]
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rue, jus, tissu, usine
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[y]
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kühl, Süden
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ee rounded / long vowel
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[ɪ]
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Tisch, bitte
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mitt, it
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[ʏ]
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hübsch
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ih rounded / short vowel
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[e]
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blé, nez, cahier, pied
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[e]
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Tee, Ähre
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mate, wait
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[ø]
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jeu, yeux, queue, bleu
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[ø]
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schön, böse
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ay rounded / long vowel
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[ɛ]
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lait, aile, balai, reine
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[ɛ]
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Bett, Hotel
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met, wet
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[œ]
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sœur, œuf, fleur, beurre
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[œ]
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zwölf, Köchin
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eh rounded / short vowel
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[a]
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chat, ami, papa, salade
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[a]
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Mann, danke
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mop, not
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[ɑ]
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bas, âne, grâce, château
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[ɑ]
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kam, Ahnung
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ah / longer vowel than [a]
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[u]
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loup, cou, caillou, outil
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[u]
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gut, Kuh
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boot, suit
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[ʊ]
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muss, Bus
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put, soot
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[o]
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eau, dos, escargot, hôtel
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[o]
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Sohn, Franzose
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coat, goat
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[ɔ]
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sol, pomme, cloche, horloge
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[ɔ]
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Stock, Post
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caught, bought
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[ə]
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fenêtre, genou, cheval, cerise
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[ə]
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Wette, bitte
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cut, what
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[ɐ]
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Wetter, Mutter
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uhr / also short vowel like [ə]
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In addition to these pure vowels, French has 4 nasal vowels and 3 semi-vowels, while German has 3 diphthongs. (These same diphthongs exist in English.)
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French nasal vowels
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French semi-vowels
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German Diphthongs
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[ã]
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gant, banc, dent
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[w]
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oui, Louis
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[aɪ]
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ein, mein, nein
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[ɛ̃]
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pain, vin, linge
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[ɥ]
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lui, suisse
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[aʊ]
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auf, kaufen, Baum
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[œ̃]
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brun, lundi, parfum
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[j]
|
oreille, Mireille
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[ɔɪ]
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neu, Gebäude, Deutsch
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[õ]
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rond, ongle, front
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The distinction between [a] and [ɑ] as well as between the two nasals [ɛ̃] and [œ̃] is disappearing in France, but not in Quebec!
French Consonants
The pronunciation of certain consonants in French depends on the spelling and/or origin of the word. Other consonants are pronounced relatively the same as in English, except h is silent and s is pronounced like z when it is between two vowels. The French r is probably the hardest consonant for English speakers to pronounce correctly as it is much further back in the throat. This sound varies according to the area of France too. For example, it is pronounced as a voiced uvular trill [R] in the Parisian accent, but as an alveolar trill [r] in the south of France.
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ex + vowel
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egz
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examen, exercice
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eg-zah-mawn, eg-zehr-sees
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ex + consonant
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eks
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exceptionnel, expression
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ek-sehp-see-oh-nel, ek-spreh-see-ohn
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ch (Latin origin)
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sh
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architecte, archives
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ar-shee-tekt, ar-sheev
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ch (Greek origin)
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k
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orchestre, archéologie
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ohr-kehs-tr, ar-kay-oh-loh-zhee
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ti + vowel (except é)
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see
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démocratie, nation
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day-moh-krah-see, nah-see-ohn
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German Consonants
There are a few German consonants that do not exist in English, and some consonant combinations that are not common in English. Notice that the German r is similar to the French r, but again, this pronunciation changes according to the location in the countries that speak German, i.e. [R] in northern Germany and [r] in southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
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Spelling
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IPA
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Sample words
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How to pronounce:
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ch (with vowels e and i)
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[ç]
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Chemie, mich, nicht
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Make yuh sound voiceless (no vibration of vocal cords)
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ch (with vowels a, o, u)
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[x]
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Buch, lachen, kochen
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Make kuh sound a fricative (continuous airflow)
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pf
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[pf]
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Apfel, Pferd, Pfanne
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Pronounce together as one sound
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z
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[ts]
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Zeit, Zug, Tanz
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Pronounce together as one sound
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j
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[j]
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ja, Januar, Junge
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yuh
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qu
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[kv]
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Quote, Quiz, Quitte
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kv
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st / sp (at beginning of syllable)
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[ʃt] / [ʃp]
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Stadt, sprechen
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sht / shp
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sch
|
[ʃ]
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schenken, schlafen
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sh
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th
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[t]
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Theater, Thron
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t
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v
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[f]
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Vater, verboten
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f
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w
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[v]
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Wasser, warm
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v
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ß
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[s]
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Straße, groß
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s
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s (before vowel)
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[z]
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Salz, seit, Sitz
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z
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In addition, the sounds [b], [d], and [g] lose their voicing at the end of a syllable in German, so they are pronounced as their voiceless counterparts [p], [t], and [k], respectively. However, the spelling does not reflect the pronunciation.
Stress
In general, stress falls on the last syllable in French and the first syllable in German. However, French is a syllable-timed language so the rhythm is measured in syllables of equal weight; whereas German and English are stress-timed languages, so stressed syllables occur at a regular rate, and the unstressed syllables are shortened (sometimes with a change in the pronunciation of the vowel). Therefore, the time required to pronounce a French word/sentence depends on the number of syllables, while in German and English, it depends on the number of stressed syllables (regardless of the number of unstressed syllables).
Alphabet
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English
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French
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German
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A
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ah
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ah
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B
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bay
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bay
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C
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say
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tsay
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D
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day
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day
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E
|
uh
|
ay
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F
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eff
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eff
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G
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zhay
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gay
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H
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ahsh
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hah
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I
|
ee
|
ee
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J
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shee
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yoht
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K
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kah
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kah
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L
|
ell
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el
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M
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emm
|
em
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N
|
enn
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en
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O
|
oh
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oh
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P
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pay
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pay
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Q
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kew
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koo
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R
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air
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ehr
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S
|
ess
|
ess
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T
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tay
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tay
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U
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ew
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oo
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V
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vay
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fow
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W
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doo-blah-vay
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vay
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X
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eeks
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eeks
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Y
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ee-grek
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irp-se-lon
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Z
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zed
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tset
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There is another letter in written German, ß (es-zet ), pronounced like [s]. However, this letter is only used after long vowels or diphthongs, and it is not used at all in Switzerland.
Numbers
|
English
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French
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German
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English
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French
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German
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zero
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zéro
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null
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one
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un
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eins
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first
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premier (ère)
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erste
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two
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deux
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zwei
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second
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deuxième
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zweite
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three
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trois
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drei
|
third
|
troisième
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dritte
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four
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quatre
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vier
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fourth
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quatrième
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vierte
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five
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cinq
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fünf
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fifth
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cinquième
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fünfte
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six
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six
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sechs
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sixth
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sixième
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sechste
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seven
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sept
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sieben
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seventh
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septième
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siebte
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eight
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huit
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acht
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eighth
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huitième
|
achte
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nine
|
neuf
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neun
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ninth
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neuvième
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neunte
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ten
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dix
|
zehn
|
tenth
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dixième
|
zehnte
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eleven
|
onze
|
elf
|
twentieth
|
vingtième
|
zwanzigste
|
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twelve
|
douze
|
zwölf
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thirteen
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treize
|
dreizehn
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one-half
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une moitié
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eine Hälfte
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fourteen
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quatorze
|
vierzehn
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one-third
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un tiers
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ein Drittel
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fifteen
|
quinze
|
fünfzehn
|
one-fourth
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un quart
|
ein Viertel
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sixteen
|
seize
|
sechzehn
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seventeen
|
dix-sept
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siebzehn
|
once
|
une fois
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einmal
|
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eighteen
|
dix-huit
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achtzehn
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twice
|
deux fois
|
zweimal
|
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nineteen
|
dix-neuf
|
neunzehn
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three times
|
trois fois
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dreimal
|
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twenty
|
vingt
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zwanzig
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twenty-one
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vingt et un
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einundzwanzig
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twenty-two
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vingt-deux
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zweiundzwanzig
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twenty-three
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vingt-trois
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dreiundzwanzig
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thirty
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trente
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dreißig
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forty
|
quarante
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vierzig
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fifty
|
cinquante
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fünfzig
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sixty
|
soixante
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sechzig
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seventy
|
soixante-dix
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siebzig
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eighty
|
quatre-vingts
|
achtzig
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ninety
|
quatre-vingt-dix
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neunzig
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hundred
|
cent
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einhundert
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hundred one
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cent un
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hundert eins
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two hundred
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deux cents
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zwei hundert
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thousand
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mille
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eintausend
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two thousand
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deux mille
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zwei tausend
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million
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un million
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eine Million
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Articles & Demonstratives
French only has two genders (masculine and feminine), while German has three (masculine, feminine, and neuter). There is no distinction among these genders for the plural forms. German also has a case system that changes the article (and sometimes the noun) according to its function in the sentence. Nominative means the subject of the sentence, accusative is the direct object, dative is the indirect object, and genitive shows possession (though the genitive case is used less often in speaking than in writing).
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Definite Articles (The)
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French
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German
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Masculine
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Feminine
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Plural
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Masculine
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Feminine
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Neuter
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Plural
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le
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la
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les
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Nominative
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der
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die
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das
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die
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* Use l' for nouns beginning
with a vowel and sometimes h,
regardless of the gender
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Accusative
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den
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die
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das
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die
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Dative
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dem
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der
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dem
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den
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Genitive
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des
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der
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des
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der
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Indefinite Articles (A, An)
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French
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German
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Masculine
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Feminine
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Masculine
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Feminine
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Neuter
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un
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une
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Nom.
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ein
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eine
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ein
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Acc.
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einen
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eine
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ein
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Dat.
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einem
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einer
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einem
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Gen.
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eines
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einer
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eines
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Indefinite articles do not have a plural form. In French, you must use des to mean some, but in German, you do not have to express some (just as in English).
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Demonstratives (This/That, These/Those + Noun)
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French
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German
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Masc.
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Masc.*
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Fem.
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Plural
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Masc.
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Fem.
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Neuter
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Plural
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ce
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cet
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cette
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ces
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Nom.
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dieser
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diese
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dieses
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diese
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*Use cet before masculine
nouns beginning with a
vowel
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Acc.
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diesen
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diese
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dieses
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diese
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Dat.
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diesem
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dieser
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diesem
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diesen
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Gen.
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dieses
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dieser
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dieses
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dieser
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Nouns: Gender & Number
Nouns in French can either be masculine or feminine. Nouns in German can be masculine, feminine, or neuter. Sometimes the suffix will help you to determine a noun's gender, but in general, you should learn the article with the noun when you study vocabulary. Some proper nouns, such as days of the week or months of the year, are not capitalized in French. All nouns, whether common or proper, are capitalized in German.
Gender
In French, masculine singular nouns generally end with a consonant, - age or -ment. Feminine singular nouns generally end with -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -té, and -ette.
in German, nouns ending in -ant, -ast, -ich, -ig, -ismus, -ling, -or and -us are masculine. Nouns ending in -a, -anz, -ei, -enz, -heit, -ie, -ik, -in, -keit, -schaft, -sion, -sis, -tät, -tion, -ung and -ur are feminine. Nouns ending in -chen, -icht, -il, -it, -lein, -ma, -ment, -tel, -tum, and -um are neuter. Nouns referring to things that end in -al, -an, -ar, -ät, -ent, -ett, -ier, -iv, -o and -on, as well as most words with the prefix ge- and most nouns ending in -nis and -sal are also neuter.
Number
In French, singular nouns generally add -s (unless the noun already ends in -s, -z, or -x, then they change nothing for the plural), though nouns ending in -au, -eau, and -eu add -x instead (or change -al/-ail to -aux) to form the plural. (Exceptions: festival, carnaval, bal, pneu, bleu, landau, détail, chandail all add -s) There are also seven nouns ending in -ou that add -x instead of -s: bijou, caillou, chou, genou, pou, joujou, hibou
French Irregular Plurals: l'œil - les yeux (eye-eyes); le ciel - les cieux (sky-skies); le jeune homme - les jeunes gens (young man-young men); and three nouns are masculine in the singular, but feminine in the plural: amour, délice, orgue
In German, there are several ways to form the plural of a noun and because there are so many exceptions, it is best to learn the plural form as soon as you learn a new noun. Nevertheless, here are a few rules to keep in mind:
1. Feminine nouns usually add -n or -en. Nouns that end in -in (such as the female equivalents of masculine nouns) add -nen.
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eine Lampe
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zwei Lampen
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eine Tür
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zwei Türen
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eine Studentin
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zwei Studentinnen
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2. Masculine and neuter nouns usually add -e or -er. Many masculine plural nouns ending in -e add an umlaut as well, but neuter plural nouns ending in -e don't. Plurals that end in -er add an umlaut when the stem vowel is a, o , u or au.
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Masculine
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Neuter
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ein Rock
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zwei Röcke
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ein Heft
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zwei Hefte
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ein Mann
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zwei Männer
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ein Buch
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zwei Bücher
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3. Masculine and neuter singular nouns that end in -er either add an umlaut or change nothing at all. Many nouns with a stem vowel of a, o, u or au add an umlaut.
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Masculine
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Neuter
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ein Bruder
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zwei Brüder
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ein Fenster
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zwei Fenster
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4. Nouns that end in a vowel other than an unstressed -e and nouns of foreign origin add -s.
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ein Hobby
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zwei Hobbys
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ein Hotel
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zwei Hotels
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Personal Pronouns
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English
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French
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German
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English
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French
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German
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English
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French
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German
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English
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French
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German
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Subject / Nominative
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Direct Object / Accusative
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Indirect Object / Dative
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Object of a Preposition*
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I
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je
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ich
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me
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me
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mich
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me
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me
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mir
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me
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moi
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mich / mir
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you (s / inf)
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tu
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du
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you
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te
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dich
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you
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te
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dir
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you
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toi
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dich / dir
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he / it
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il
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er
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him
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le
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ihn
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him
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lui
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ihm
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him
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lui
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ihn / ihm
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she / it
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elle
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sie
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her
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la
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Sie
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her
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lui
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ihr
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her
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elle
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sie / ihr
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it (neuter)
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il / elle
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es
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it
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le / la
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es
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it
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lui
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ihm
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it
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lui / elle
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es / ihm
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one
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on
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man
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we
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nous
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wir
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us
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nous
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uns
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us
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nous
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uns
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us
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nous
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uns
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you (pl / inf)
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vous
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ihr
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you
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vous
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euch
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you
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vous
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euch
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you
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vous
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euch
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you (formal)
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vous
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Sie
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you
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vous
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Sie
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you
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vous
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Ihnen
|
you
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vous
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Sie / Ihnen
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they (m)
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ils
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sie
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them (m)
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les
|
sie
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them (m)
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leur
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ihnen
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them (m)
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eux
|
sie / ihnen
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they (f)
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elles
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sie
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them (f)
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les
|
sie
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them (f)
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leur
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ihnen
|
them (f)
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elles
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Sie / Ihnen
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s = singular, inf = informal, pl = plural, m = masculine, f = feminine
Use the forms of tu / du when speaking to a family member, someone younger than you, animals or anyone you want to be informal with. Use the forms of vous for all other meanings of you in French. In German, use the forms of ihr as the plural of the informal du. Use the forms of Sie for all formal communication, whether singular or plural, in German.
Notice that it translates as the same words for he and she in all the forms. The context of the sentence should make it clear as to whether you mean a person or a thing.
*For German pronouns that are the object of a preposition, the form will depend on which case (accusative or dative; and in rare cases, genitive) that the preposition requires. See Prepositions for the lists.
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