. ÖZEL FRANSIZCA VE YABANCILARA TÜRKÇE DERSİ VERİLİR (544) 439 41 70 alaattintorun@hotmail.com
   
  JE PARLE FRANÇAİS
  French - German 1
 





French & German Comparative Tutorial I: Learn Two Languages Simultaneously

Rocket French | Rocket German

Basic Phrases

English

French

German

Good morning

Bonjour

Guten Morgen

Good day/afternoon

Bonjour

Guten Tag

Good evening

Bonsoir

Guten Abend

Good night (going to bed)

Bonne nuit

Gute Nacht

Hello / Hi

Bonjour / Salut

Hallo / Tag

Bye

Salut / Coucou

Tag / Tschüss / Tschau

Goodbye

Au revoir

Auf Wiedersehen

Thank you (very much)

Merci (beaucoup)

Danke (schön)

You're welcome

De rien

Bitte schön

Don't mention it

Il n'y a pas de quoi

Nichts zu danken!

Please

S'il vous plaît

Bitte

How are you? (formal)

Comment allez-vous?

Wie geht es Ihnen?

How are you? (informal)

Ça va?

Wie geht's?

I'm (really) good.

Je vais (très) bien.

Mir geht's (sehr) gut.

I'm fine / OK.

Ça va.

Es geht.

What's your name? (f)

Comment vous appelez-vous?

Wie heißen Sie?

What's your name? (in)

Tu t'appelles comment?

Wie heißt du?

My name is…

Je m'appelle…

Ich heiße…

Where are you from? (f)

D'où venez-vous?

Woher kommen Sie?

Where are you from? (in)

Tu es d'où?

Woher kommst du?

I'm from….

Je suis de…

Ich bin aus…

How old are you?

Quel âge avez-vous?

Wie alt sind Sie?

How old are you?

Tu as quel âge?

Wie alt bist du?

I'm ___ years old.

J'ai ___ ans.

Ich bin ___ Jahre alt.

Yes / No

Oui / Non

Ja / Nein

Do you speak … ? (f)

Parlez-vous …

Sprechen Sie…

Do you speak … ? (inf)

Est-ce que tu parles …

Sprichst du…

I (don't) speak…

Je (ne) parle (pas)…

Ich spreche (kein)…

I (don't) know

Je (ne) sais (pas).

Ich weiß (nicht).

Do you understand? (f)

Comprenez-vous?

Verstehen Sie?

Do you understand? (inf)

Est-ce que tu comprends?

Verstehst du?

I (don't) understand

Je (ne) comprends (pas).

Ich verstehe (nicht).

Can you help me? (f)

Pouvez-vous m'aider?

Können Sie mir helfen?

Can you help me? (inf)

Est-ce que tu peux m'aider?

Kannst du mir helfen?

Of course.

Bien sûr

Na klar.

I would like…

Je voudrais…

Ich möchte…

Where is / are … ?

Où est / sont… ?

Wo ist / sind… ?

Excuse me

Excusez-moi

Entschuldigung!

Pardon me

Pardonnez-moi

Verzeihung!

I'm sorry

Je suis désolé(e).

Es tut mir leid.

Come in

Entrez

Herein

See you tomorrow

A demain

Bis morgen

See you later / soon

A tout à l'heure / A bientôt

Bis später / Bis bald

Mister / Misses / Miss

Monsieur / Madame / Mademoiselle

Herr / Frau / Fräulein

Nice to meet you.

Enchanté(e).

Angenehm.

Same here / likewise.

Enchanté(e).

Freut mich.

Pardon?

Comment?

Wie bitte?

How do you say … ?

Comment dit-on … ?

Was sagt man … ?

What's the matter?

Qu'est-ce qu'il y a?

Was ist los?

What's happening?

Qu'est-ce qui se passe?

Was passiert?

There is / are…

Il y a…

Es gibt…

What is it?

Qu'est-ce que c'est que ça?

Was ist das?

Right?

N'est-ce pas?

Nicht wahr?

That depends

Cela dépend

Es kommt darauf an

I don't think so

Je ne crois pas

Ich glaube nicht

I think so

Je crois que oui

Ich glaube schon

I don't mind

Ça me dérange pas

Es macht mir nichts aus

It doesn't matter.

Ça ne fait rien

Das macht nichts

I have no idea.

Je n'ai aucune idée

Ich habe keine Ahnung

I don't care.

Ça m'est égal

Das ist mir egal.

I'm tired / sick.

Je suis fatigué(e) / malade

Ich bin müde / krank

I'm hungry / thirsty.

J'ai faim / soif

Ich habe Hunger / Durst

I'm cold / hot.

J'ai froid / chaud

Mir ist kalt / heiss

I'm bored.

Je m'ennuie

Mir ist langweilig

I forgot.

J'ai oublié

Ich habe vergessen

I have to go.

Je dois y aller

Ich muss gehen

Welcome!

Bienvenue

Willkommen

Let's go!

Allons-y

Gehen wir

Good luck!

Bonne chance

Viel Glück

Have fun! (f / inf)

Amusez-vous bien ! / Amuse-toi !

Amüsiert dich! / Amüsieren Sie sich!

Bless you!

A tes souhaits !

Gesundheit!

Cheers!

Santé !

Prost!

Pay attention! / Be careful!

Fais gaffe / Faites attention

Paß auf / Passen Sie auf

Don't worry! (inf)

Ne t'en fais pas

Keine Angst

Shut up! (f / inf)

Taisez-vous / Tais-toi

Seien ruhig / Sei ruhig

Congratulations!

Félicitations

Herzlichen Glückwunsch

Merry Christmas

Joyeux Noël

Frohe Weihnachten

Happy New Year

Bonne Année

Gutes Neues Jahr

Happy Easter

Joyeuses Pâques

Frohe Ostern

Happy Birthday

Bon anniversaire

Alles Gutes zum Geburtstag

Enjoy the meal!

Bon appétit

Guten Appetit

Have a safe journey!

Bon voyage

Gute Reise

Have a good holiday!

Bonnes vacances

Einen schönen Urlaub

Have a nice day!

Bonne journée

Schönen Tag noch

I love you. (sing.)

Je t'aime

Ich liebe dich

I miss you. (sing.)

Tu me manques

Du fehlst mir

 

Pronunciation

Vowels in French and German are pure, so make sure not to add an extra yuh or wuh sound that is common in English, i.e. say ee, not ee-yuh. French has 12 vowels and German has 16. Some of these vowels (highlighted in blue) do not exist in English. And it should be noted that some dialects of French, such as Quebecois, do have some of the same vowels as German and English that are missing from the standard French dialect: [ɪ], [ʏ], and [ʊ]. I'm using the International Phonetic Alphabet symbols for the pronunciaton.

French Vowels

German Vowels

English Pronunciation

[i]

vie, midi, lit, riz

[i]

viel, ziehen

meet, eat

[y]

rue, jus, tissu, usine

[y]

kühl, Süden

ee rounded / long vowel

 

 

[ɪ]

Tisch, bitte

mitt, it

 

 

[ʏ]

hübsch

ih rounded / short vowel

[e]

blé, nez, cahier, pied

[e]

Tee, Ähre

mate, wait

[ø]

jeu, yeux, queue, bleu

[ø]

schön, böse

ay rounded / long vowel

[ɛ]

lait, aile, balai, reine

[ɛ]

Bett, Hotel

met, wet

[œ]

sœur, œuf, fleur, beurre

[œ]

zwölf, Köchin

eh rounded / short vowel

[a]

chat, ami, papa, salade

[a]

Mann, danke

mop, not

[ɑ]

bas, âne, grâce, château

[ɑ]

kam, Ahnung

ah / longer vowel than [a]

[u]

loup, cou, caillou, outil

[u]

gut, Kuh

boot, suit

 

 

[ʊ]

muss, Bus

put, soot

[o]

eau, dos, escargot, hôtel

[o]

Sohn, Franzose

coat, goat

[ɔ]

sol, pomme, cloche, horloge

[ɔ]

Stock, Post

caught, bought

[ə]

fenêtre, genou, cheval, cerise

[ə]

Wette, bitte

cut, what

 

 

[ɐ]

Wetter, Mutter

uhr / also short vowel like [ə]

In addition to these pure vowels, French has 4 nasal vowels and 3 semi-vowels, while German has 3 diphthongs. (These same diphthongs exist in English.)

French nasal vowels

French semi-vowels

German Diphthongs

[]

gant, banc, dent

[w]

oui, Louis

[aɪ]

ein, mein, nein

[ɛ̃]

pain, vin, linge

[ɥ]

lui, suisse

[aʊ]

auf, kaufen, Baum

[œ̃]

brun, lundi, parfum

[j]

oreille, Mireille

[ɔɪ]

neu, Gebäude, Deutsch

[õ]

rond, ongle, front

 

 

 

 

The distinction between [a] and [ɑ] as well as between the two nasals [ɛ̃] and [œ̃] is disappearing in France, but not in Quebec!

French Consonants

The pronunciation of certain consonants in French depends on the spelling and/or origin of the word. Other consonants are pronounced relatively the same as in English, except h is silent and s is pronounced like z when it is between two vowels. The French r is probably the hardest consonant for English speakers to pronounce correctly as it is much further back in the throat. This sound varies according to the area of France too. For example, it is pronounced as a voiced uvular trill [R] in the Parisian accent, but as an alveolar trill [r] in the south of France.

ex + vowel

egz

examen, exercice

eg-zah-mawn, eg-zehr-sees

ex + consonant

eks

exceptionnel, expression

ek-sehp-see-oh-nel, ek-spreh-see-ohn

ch (Latin origin)

sh

architecte, archives

ar-shee-tekt, ar-sheev

ch (Greek origin)

k

orchestre, archéologie

ohr-kehs-tr, ar-kay-oh-loh-zhee

ti + vowel (except é)

see

démocratie, nation

day-moh-krah-see, nah-see-ohn

German Consonants

There are a few German consonants that do not exist in English, and some consonant combinations that are not common in English. Notice that the German r is similar to the French r, but again, this pronunciation changes according to the location in the countries that speak German, i.e. [R] in northern Germany and [r] in southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Spelling

IPA

Sample words

How to pronounce:

ch (with vowels e and i)

[ç]

Chemie, mich, nicht

Make yuh sound voiceless (no vibration of vocal cords)

ch (with vowels a, o, u)

[x]

Buch, lachen, kochen

Make kuh sound a fricative (continuous airflow)

pf

[pf]

Apfel, Pferd, Pfanne

Pronounce together as one sound

z

[ts]

Zeit, Zug, Tanz

Pronounce together as one sound

j

[j]

ja, Januar, Junge

yuh

qu

[kv]

Quote, Quiz, Quitte

kv

st / sp (at beginning of syllable)

[ʃt] / [ʃp]

Stadt, sprechen

sht / shp

sch

[ʃ]

schenken, schlafen

sh

th

[t]

Theater, Thron

t

v

[f]

Vater, verboten

f

w

[v]

Wasser, warm

v

ß

[s]

Straße, groß

s

s (before vowel)

[z]

Salz, seit, Sitz

z

In addition, the sounds [b], [d], and [g] lose their voicing at the end of a syllable in German, so they are pronounced as their voiceless counterparts [p], [t], and [k], respectively. However, the spelling does not reflect the pronunciation.

Stress

In general, stress falls on the last syllable in French and the first syllable in German. However, French is a syllable-timed language so the rhythm is measured in syllables of equal weight; whereas German and English are stress-timed languages, so stressed syllables occur at a regular rate, and the unstressed syllables are shortened (sometimes with a change in the pronunciation of the vowel). Therefore, the time required to pronounce a French word/sentence depends on the number of syllables, while in German and English, it depends on the number of stressed syllables (regardless of the number of unstressed syllables).

 

Alphabet

English

French

German

A

ah

ah

B

bay

bay

C

say

tsay

D

day

day

E

uh

ay

F

eff

eff

G

zhay

gay

H

ahsh

hah

I

ee

ee

J

shee

yoht

K

kah

kah

L

ell

el

M

emm

em

N

enn

en

O

oh

oh

P

pay

pay

Q

kew

koo

R

air

ehr

S

ess

ess

T

tay

tay

U

ew

oo

V

vay

fow

W

doo-blah-vay

vay

X

eeks

eeks

Y

ee-grek

irp-se-lon

Z

zed

tset

There is another letter in written German, ß (es-zet ), pronounced like [s]. However, this letter is only used after long vowels or diphthongs, and it is not used at all in Switzerland.

 

Numbers

English

French

German

English

French

German

zero

zéro

null

 

 

 

one

un

eins

first

premier (ère)

erste

two

deux

zwei

second

deuxième

zweite

three

trois

drei

third

troisième

dritte

four

quatre

vier

fourth

quatrième

vierte

five

cinq

fünf

fifth

cinquième

fünfte

six

six

sechs

sixth

sixième

sechste

seven

sept

sieben

seventh

septième

siebte

eight

huit

acht

eighth

huitième

achte

nine

neuf

neun

ninth

neuvième

neunte

ten

dix

zehn

tenth

dixième

zehnte

eleven

onze

elf

twentieth

vingtième

zwanzigste

twelve

douze

zwölf

 

 

 

thirteen

treize

dreizehn

one-half

une moitié

eine Hälfte

fourteen

quatorze

vierzehn

one-third

un tiers

ein Drittel

fifteen

quinze

fünfzehn

one-fourth

un quart

ein Viertel

sixteen

seize

sechzehn

 

 

 

seventeen

dix-sept

siebzehn

once

une fois

einmal

eighteen

dix-huit

achtzehn

twice

deux fois

zweimal

nineteen

dix-neuf

neunzehn

three times

trois fois

dreimal

twenty

vingt

zwanzig

 

 

 

twenty-one

vingt et un

einundzwanzig

 

 

 

twenty-two

vingt-deux

zweiundzwanzig

 

 

 

twenty-three

vingt-trois

dreiundzwanzig

 

 

 

thirty

trente

dreißig

 

 

 

forty

quarante

vierzig

 

 

 

fifty

cinquante

fünfzig

 

 

 

sixty

soixante

sechzig

 

 

 

seventy

soixante-dix

siebzig

 

 

 

eighty

quatre-vingts

achtzig

 

 

 

ninety

quatre-vingt-dix

neunzig

 

 

 

hundred

cent

einhundert

 

 

 

hundred one

cent un

hundert eins

 

 

 

two hundred

deux cents

zwei hundert

 

 

 

thousand

mille

eintausend

 

 

 

two thousand

deux mille

zwei tausend

 

 

 

million

un million

eine Million

 

 

 

 

Articles & Demonstratives

French only has two genders (masculine and feminine), while German has three (masculine, feminine, and neuter). There is no distinction among these genders for the plural forms. German also has a case system that changes the article (and sometimes the noun) according to its function in the sentence. Nominative means the subject of the sentence, accusative is the direct object, dative is the indirect object, and genitive shows possession (though the genitive case is used less often in speaking than in writing).

Definite Articles (The)

French

 

German

Masculine

Feminine

Plural

 

 

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Plural

le

la

les

 

Nominative

der

die

das

die

* Use l' for nouns beginning
with a vowel and sometimes h,
regardless of the gender

 

Accusative

den

die

das

die

 

Dative

dem

der

dem

den

 

Genitive

des

der

des

der

 

Indefinite Articles (A, An)

French

 

German

Masculine

Feminine

 

 

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

un

une

 

Nom.

ein

eine

ein

 

 

 

Acc.

einen

eine

ein

 

 

 

Dat.

einem

einer

einem

 

 

 

Gen.

eines

einer

eines

Indefinite articles do not have a plural form. In French, you must use des to mean some, but in German, you do not have to express some (just as in English).

Demonstratives (This/That, These/Those + Noun)

French

 

German

Masc.

Masc.*

Fem.

Plural

 

 

Masc.

Fem.

Neuter

Plural

ce

cet

cette

ces

 

Nom.

dieser

diese

dieses

diese

*Use cet before masculine
nouns beginning with a
vowel

 

Acc.

diesen

diese

dieses

diese

 

Dat.

diesem

dieser

diesem

diesen

 

Gen.

dieses

dieser

dieses

dieser

 

Nouns: Gender & Number

Nouns in French can either be masculine or feminine. Nouns in German can be masculine, feminine, or neuter. Sometimes the suffix will help you to determine a noun's gender, but in general, you should learn the article with the noun when you study vocabulary. Some proper nouns, such as days of the week or months of the year, are not capitalized in French. All nouns, whether common or proper, are capitalized in German.

Gender
In French, masculine singular nouns generally end with a consonant, - age or -ment. Feminine singular nouns generally end with -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -té, and -ette.

in German, nouns ending in -ant, -ast, -ich, -ig, -ismus, -ling, -or and -us are masculine. Nouns ending in -a, -anz, -ei, -enz, -heit, -ie, -ik, -in, -keit, -schaft, -sion, -sis, -tät, -tion, -ung and -ur are feminine.  Nouns ending in -chen, -icht, -il, -it, -lein, -ma, -ment, -tel, -tum, and -um are neuter.  Nouns referring to things that end in -al, -an, -ar, -ät, -ent, -ett, -ier, -iv, -o and -on, as well as most words with the prefix ge- and most nouns ending in -nis and -sal are also neuter.

Number
In French, singular nouns generally add -s (unless the noun already ends in -s, -z, or -x, then they change nothing for the plural), though nouns ending in -au, -eau, and -eu add -x instead (or change -al/-ail to -aux) to form the plural. (Exceptions: festival, carnaval, bal, pneu, bleu, landau, détail, chandail all add -s) There are also seven nouns ending in -ou that add -x instead of -s: bijou, caillou, chou, genou, pou, joujou, hibou

French Irregular Plurals: l'œil - les yeux (eye-eyes); le ciel - les cieux (sky-skies); le jeune homme - les jeunes gens (young man-young men); and three nouns are masculine in the singular, but feminine in the plural: amour, délice, orgue

In German, there are several ways to form the plural of a noun and because there are so many exceptions, it is best to learn the plural form as soon as you learn a new noun. Nevertheless, here are a few rules to keep in mind:

1. Feminine nouns usually add -n or -en.  Nouns that end in -in (such as the female equivalents of masculine nouns) add -nen.

eine Lampe

zwei Lampen

eine Tür

zwei Türen

eine Studentin

zwei Studentinnen

2. Masculine and neuter nouns usually add -e or -er.  Many masculine plural nouns ending in -e add an umlaut as well, but neuter plural nouns ending in -e don't.  Plurals that end in -er add an umlaut when the stem vowel is a, o , u or au.

Masculine

Neuter

ein Rock

zwei Röcke

ein Heft

zwei Hefte

ein Mann

zwei Männer

ein Buch

zwei Bücher

3. Masculine and neuter singular nouns that end in -er either add an umlaut or change nothing at all.  Many nouns with a stem vowel of a, o, u or au add an umlaut.

Masculine

Neuter

ein Bruder

zwei Brüder

ein Fenster

zwei Fenster

       

4. Nouns that end in a vowel other than an unstressed -e and nouns of foreign origin add -s.

ein Hobby

zwei Hobbys

ein Hotel

zwei Hotels

 

Personal Pronouns

English

French

German

English

French

German

English

French

German

English

French

German

Subject / Nominative

Direct Object / Accusative

Indirect Object / Dative

Object of a Preposition*

I

je

ich

me

me

mich

me

me

mir

me

moi

mich / mir

you (s / inf)

tu

du

you

te

dich

you

te

dir

you

toi

dich / dir

he / it

il

er

him

le

ihn

him

lui

ihm

him

lui

ihn / ihm

she / it

elle

sie

her

la

Sie

her

lui

ihr

her

elle

sie / ihr

it (neuter)

il / elle

es

it

le / la

es

it

lui

ihm

it

lui / elle

es / ihm

one

on

man

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

we

nous

wir

us

nous

uns

us

nous

uns

us

nous

uns

you (pl / inf)

vous

ihr

you

vous

euch

you

vous

euch

you

vous

euch

you (formal)

vous

Sie

you

vous

Sie

you

vous

Ihnen

you

vous

Sie / Ihnen

they (m)

ils

sie

them (m)

les

sie

them (m)

leur

ihnen

them (m)

eux

sie / ihnen

they (f)

elles

sie

them (f)

les

sie

them (f)

leur

ihnen

them (f)

elles

Sie / Ihnen

s = singular, inf = informal, pl = plural, m = masculine, f = feminine

Use the forms of tu / du when speaking to a family member, someone younger than you, animals or anyone you want to be informal with. Use the forms of vous for all other meanings of you in French. In German, use the forms of ihr as the plural of the informal du. Use the forms of Sie for all formal communication, whether singular or plural, in German.

Notice that it translates as the same words for he and she in all the forms. The context of the sentence should make it clear as to whether you mean a person or a thing.

*For German pronouns that are the object of a preposition, the form will depend on which case (accusative or dative; and in rare cases, genitive) that the preposition requires. See Prepositions for the lists.


 
 
   
 
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