Schauen Sie mal! / Schau mal! show-en zee mal / show mal
Look! (formal / informal)
Bitte schön?
Yes? / What would you like to order?
Was darf's sein?
What can I get you? / How can I help you?
Sonst noch etwas?
Anything else?
Bitte schön.
Here you go. (handing something to someone)
Zahlen bitte! The check, please!
Stimmt so.
Keep the change.
Ich bin satt.
I'm full.
Mir ist schlecht.
I feel sick.
Es tut mir weh.
It hurts.
Ich liebe dich. ikh leeb-uh dikh I love you. (informal)
Du fehlst mir.
I miss you. (informal)
Alles ist in Ordnung.
Everything is fine.
Wie wäre es mit ... ?
How about...?
Was für ein...?
What kind of (a)...?
Nicht wahr?
[general tag question]
Ichis not actually pronounced ikh, unless you are speaking a northern dialect of German. If you are speaking a southern dialect, then it is more like ish. There is no equivalent sound in English. In standard German, it is somewhere between ish and ikh. Technically, it is a voiceless palatal fricative and its voiced counterpart is the y sound in yes.
2. Pronunciation
German Vowels
English Pronunciation
[i]
viel
meet, eat
[y]
kühl
ee rounded / long vowel
[ɪ]
Tisch
mitt, it
[ʏ]
hübsch
ih rounded / short vowel
[e]
Tee
mate, wait
[ø]
schön
ay rounded / long vowel
[ɛ]
Bett
met, wet
[œ]
zwölf
eh rounded / short vowel
[a]
Mann
mop, not
[ɑ]
kam
ah / longer vowel than [a]
[u]
gut
boot, suit
[ʊ]
muss
put, soot
[o]
Sohn
coat, goat
[ɔ]
Stock
caught, bought
[ə]
bitte
cut, what
[ɐ]
Wetter
uhr / also short vowel like [ə]
Highlighted vowels do not exist in English.
Notice that words spelled with ö and ücan be pronounced with a long or short vowel, so determining the pronunciation based on the spelling is not possible. The other umlauted letter, ä, is generally pronounced as [e], though it can be pronounced as [ɛ]in some dialects. A general rule for pronunciation, however, states that the short vowels / ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ ɔ / must be followed by a consonant, whereas the long vowels / i y u e ø o / can occur at the end of the syllable or word.
German Diphthongs
English Pronunciation
[aɪ]
ein, mein
eye, buy, why
[aʊ]
auf, kaufen
cow, now, how
[ɔɪ]
neu, Gebäude
toy, boy, foil
German Consonants
There are a few German consonants that do not exist in English, and some consonant combinations that are not common in English. Notice that the pronunciation of the German r changes according to the location in the countries that speak German, i.e. [R] in northern Germany and [r] in southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Spelling
IPA
Sample words
How to pronounce:
ch (with vowels e and i)
[ç]
Chemie, mich, nicht
Make yuh sound voiceless (no vibration of vocal cords)
ch (with vowels a, o, u)
[x]
Buch, lachen, kochen
Make kuh sound a fricative (continuous airflow)
pf
[pf]
Apfel, Pferd, Pfanne
Pronounce together as one sound
z
[ts]
Zeit, Zug, Tanz
Pronounce together as one sound
j
[j]
ja, Januar, Junge
yuh
qu
[kv]
Quote, Quiz, Quitte
kv
st / sp (at beginning of syllable)
[ʃt] / [ʃp]
Stadt, sprechen
sht / shp
sch
[ʃ]
schenken, schlafen
sh
th
[t]
Theater, Thron
t
v
[f]
Vater, verboten
f
w
[v]
Wasser, warm
v
ß
[s]
Straße, groß
s
s (before vowel)
[z]
Salz, seit, Sitz
z
In addition, the sounds [b], [d], and [g] lose their voicing at the end of a syllable, so they are pronounced as their voiceless counterparts [p], [t], and [k], respectively. However, the spelling does not reflect the pronunciation.
Stress
Stress generally falls on the first syllable of the word, except in words borrowed from other languages, where the stress falls on the last syllable (especially with French words.)
3. Alphabet
a
ah
j
yoht
s
ess
b
bay
k
kah
t
tay
c
tsay
l
el
u
oo
d
day
m
em
v
fow
e
ay
n
en
w
vay
f
eff
o
oh
x
eeks
g
gay
p
pay
y
irp-se-lon
h
hah
q
koo
z
tset
i
ee
r
ehr
There is another letter in written German,ß (es-zet), pronounced like [s]. However, this letter is only used after long vowels or diphthongs, and it is not used at all in Switzerland.
4. Nouns & Cases
All nouns have a gender in German, either masculine, feminine or neuter. There really isn't a lot of logic to which nouns are which gender, so you must memorize the gender of each noun.
1. Male persons or animals, the seasons, months, and days are all masculine, as are nouns ending in -ant, -ast, -ich, -ig, -ismus, -ling, -or and -us.
2. Female persons or animals, and numerals are all feminine, as are nouns ending in -a, -anz, -ei, -enz, -heit, -ie, -ik, -in, -keit,-schaft, -sion, -sis, -tät, -tion, -ung and -ur.
3. Young persons or animals, metals, chemical elements, letters of the alphabet, hotels, restaurants, cinemas, continents, countries and provinces are all neuter, as are nouns that end in -chen, -icht, -il, -it, -lein, -ma, -ment, -tel, -tum, and -um. Nouns referring to things that end in -al, -an, -ar, -ät, -ent, -ett, -ier, -iv, -o and -on, as well as most words with the prefix ge- and most nouns ending in -nis and -sal are also neuter.
All nouns in German are capitalized in writing.
All nouns (as well as pronouns and adjectives) have a case depending on what function they serve in the sentence. These may seem strange, but remember that English uses cases also; however, we would say direct object instead of accusative, or indirect object instead of dative. Although these cases may make learning new words difficult, they actually help with word order because the position of words in a sentence is not as fixed in German as it is in English. And the reason for that is because words can occur in these four cases:
Nominative
subject of the sentence
The girl is reading.
Accusative
direct objects
We see the mountain.
I bought a gift.
Dative
indirect objects
We talk to the guide.
I gave my mom a gift.
Genitive
indicates possession or relationship
The book of the girl.
The dog's tail.
The nouns you look up in a dictionary will be in the nominative case.
5. Articles & Demonstratives
Definite Articles (The)
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Plural
Nominative
der(dare)
die(dee)
das(dahs)
die
Accusative
den (dane)
die
das
die
Dative
dem(dame)
der
dem
den
Genitive
des (dess)
der
des
der
Indefinite Articles (A, An)
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Nom.
ein(ine)
eine(ine-uh)
ein
Acc.
einen(ine-en)
eine
ein
Dat.
einem(ine-em)
einer(ine-er)
einem
Gen.
eines(ine-es)
einer
eines
Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those)
This / These
That / Those
Masc.
Fem.
Neu.
Pl.
Masc.
Fem.
Neu.
Pl.
Nom.
dieser
diese
dieses
diese
der
die
das
die
Acc.
diesen
diese
dieses
diese
den
die
das
die
Dat.
diesem
dieser
diesem
diesen
dem
der
dem
den
Gen.
dieses
dieser
dieses
dieser
des
der
des
der
Jener is an older word found in written German that was used to mean that or those, but today in spoken German the definite articles are used. Dort or da may accompany the definite articles for emphasis. Das is also a universal demonstrative and therefore shows no agreement. Notice the last letter of each of the words above. They correspond to the last letters of the words for the definite articles. Words that are formed this same way are called der-words because they follow the pattern of the der-die-das declension. Other der-words are: jeder-every, andwelcher-which. Mancher (many) and solcher (such) are also der-words, but they are used almost always in the plural.
6. Subject (Nominative) Pronouns
Subject Pronouns
ich
ikh
I
wir
veer
we
du
doo
you (familiar)
ihr
eer
you (all)
er, sie, es, man
air, zee, ess, mahn
he, she, it, one
sie, Sie
zee
they, you (formal)
Man can be translated as one, we, they or the people in general. When referring to nouns as it, you useer for masculine nouns, sie for feminine nouns and es for neuter nouns. However, the definite articles der, die and dascan be substituted for er, sie and es to show more emphasis.
7. To Be, to Have, & to Become
Present tense of sein - to be(zine)
I am
ich bin
ikh bin
we are
wir sind
veer zint
you are (familiar)
du bist
doo bihst
you (plural) are
ihr seid
eer zide
he/she/it is
er/sie/es ist
air/zee/ess isst
they/you (formal) are
sie/Sie sind
zee zint
Past tense of sein
I was
ich war
ikh var
we were
wir waren
veer vah-ren
you were (familiar)
du warst
doo varst
you (plural) were
ihr wart
eer vart
he/she/it was
er/sie/es war
air/zee/es var
they/you (formal) were
sie/Sie waren
zee vah-ren
Present tense of haben - to have(hah-ben)
ich habe
hah-buh
wir haben
hah-ben
du hast
hahst
ihr habt
hahbt
er/sie/es hat
haht
sie/Sie haben
hah-ben
Past tense of haben
ich hatte
hah-tuh
wir hatten
hah-ten
du hattest
hah-test
ihr hattet
hah-tet
er/sie/es hatte
hah-tuh
sie/Sie hatten
hah-ten
Present tense of werden - to become (vair-den)
ich werde
vair-duh
wir werden
vair-den
du wirst
veerst
ihr werdet
vair-det
er/sie/es wird
veert
sie/Sie werden
vair-den
Past tense of werden
ich wurde
voor-duh
wir wurden
voor-den
du wurdest
voor-dest
ihr wurdet
voor-det
er/sie/es wurde
voor-duh
sie/Sie wurden
voor-den
Haben is frequently used in expressions that would normally take to be in English. Ich habe Hunger. = I am hungry.
Ich hatte Durst. = I was thirsty. Ich habe Langeweile. = I am bored. Ich hatte Heimweh. = I was homesick. Ich habe Angst. = I am afraid.
In everyday speech, the final -e on the ich conjugations can be dropped: ich hab'or hab' ich
8. Useful Words
and
und
oont
isn't it?
nicht wahr?
nikht vahr
but
aber
ah-ber
too bad
schade
shah-duh
very
sehr
zair
gladly
gern
gehrn
or
oder
oh-der
immediately
sofort
zoh-fort
here
hier
here
sure(ly)
sicher(lich)
zikh-er-likh
also
auch
owkh
but, rather
sondern
zohn-dehrn
both
beide
by-duh
finally
schließlich
shleess-likh
some
etwas
eht-vahss
right!
stimmt
shtimt
only
nur
noor
anyway
überhaupt
oo-ber-howpt
again
wieder
vee-der
enough
genug
guh-nook
hopefully
hoffentlich
hoh-fent-likh
exact(ly)
genau
guh-now
between
zwischen
zvish-en
sometimes
manchmal
mahnch-mal
therefore
deshalb
des-halp
always
immer
im-er
a lot, many
viel(e)
feel(uh)
never
nie
nee
really
wirklich
veerk-lish
often
oft
ohft
together
zusammen
tsoo-zah-men
of course
klar
klahr
all
alle
ahl-luh
perhaps
vielleicht
fee-likht
now
jetzt
yetst
a little
ein bisschen
ine biss-khen
so
also
al-zoh
a little
ein wenig
ine vay-nikh
another
noch ein
nohkh ine
not at all
gar nicht
gar nikht
already
schon
shone
not a bit
kein bisschen
kine biss-khen
Es gibt is commonly used to mean there is/are and it is always followed by the accusative case.
9. Question Words
Who
wer
vehr
Whom (acc.)
wen
vain
What
was
vahs
Whom (dat.)
wem
vaim
Why
warum
vah-room
How come
wieso
vee-zo
When
wann
vahn
Where from
woher
vo-hair
Where
wo
voh
Where to
wohin
vo-hin
How
wie
vee
Which
welche/-r/-s
velsh-uh/er/es
10. Numbers / Die Nummern
0
null
nool
1
eins
ines
1st
erste
2
zwei
tsvy
2nd
zweite
3
drei
dry
3rd
dritte
4
vier
feer
4th
vierte
5
fünf
fewnf
5th
fünfte
6
sechs
zecks
6th
sechste
7
sieben
zee-bun
7th
siebte
8
acht
ahkht
8th
achte
9
neun
noyn
9th
neunte
10
zehn
tsayn
10th
zehnte
11
elf
elf
11th
elfte
12
zwölf
tsvurlf
12th
zwölfte
13
dreizehn
dry-tsayn
13th
dreizehnte
14
vierzehn
feer-tsayn
14th
vierzehnte
15
fünfzehn
fewnf-tsayn
15th
fünfzehnte
16
sechzehn
zeck-tsayn
16th
sechzehnte
17
siebzehn
zeep-tsayn
17th
siebzehnte
18
achtzehn
ahkh-tsayn
18th
achtzehnte
19
neunzehn
noyn-tsayn
19th
neunzehnte
20
zwanzig
tsvahn-tsikh
20th
zwanzigste
21
einundzwanzig
ine-oont-tsvahn-tsikh
21st
einundzwanzigste
22
zweiundzwanzig
tsvy-oont-tsvahn-tsikh
22nd
zweiundzwanzigste
23
dreiundzwanzig
dry-oont-tsvahn-tsikh
23rd
dreiundzwanzigste
24
vierundzwanzig
feer-oont-tsvahn-tsikh
24th
vierundzwanzigste
30
dreißig
dry-sikh
30th
dreißigste
40
vierzig
feer-tsikh
40th
vierzigste
50
fünfzig
fewnf-tsikh
50th
fünfzigste
60
sechzig
zekh-tsikh
60th
sechzigste
70
siebzig
zeep-tsikh
70th
siebzigste
80
achtzig
ahkh-tsikh
80th
achtzigste
90
neunzig
noyn-tsikh
90th
neunzigste
100
(ein)hundert
ine-hoon-duhrt
1,000
(ein)tausend
ine-tow-zuhnt
Sometimes zwo (tsvoh) is used instead of zwei to avoid confusion with drei when talking on the telephone. The use of commas and periods is switched in German, though a space is commonly used to separate thousandths, i.e. 1,000 would be 1 000. When saying telephone numbers, you can either say each number individually or group them in twos. For years, you use the hundreds: 1972 is neunzehn hundert zweiundsiebzig; or the thousands: 2005 is zwei tausend fünf.
Wann sind Sie geboren? When were you born? Ich bin in 1982 geboren. I was born in 1982.
11. Days of the Week / Die Tage
Monday
Montag
mohn-tahk
Tuesday
Dienstag
deens-tahk
Wednesday
Mittwoch
mit-vock
Thursday
Donnerstag
don-ers-tahk
Friday
Freitag
fry-tahk
Saturday
(N & E Germany)
Samstag Sonnabend
zahms-tahk
zon-nah-bent
Sunday
Sonntag
zon-tahk
day
der Tag (-e)
dehr tahk
morning
der Morgen (-)
mawr-gun
afternoon
der Nachmittag (-e)
nakh-mih-tahk
evening
der Abend (-e)
ah-bunt
night
die Nacht (ä, -e)
nahkt
today
heute
hoy-tuh
tomorrow
morgen
mawr-gun
tonight
heute Abend
hoy-tuh ah-bunt
yesterday
gestern
geh-stairn
last night
gestern Abend
geh-stairn ah-bunt
week
die Woche (-n)
voh-kuh
weekend
das Wochenende (-n)
voh-ken-en-duh
daily
täglich
teh-glikh
weekly
wöchentlich
wer-khent-likh
To say on a certain day or the weekend, use am. Add an -s to the day to express "on Mondays, Tuesdays, etc." All days, months and seasons are masculine so they all use the same form of these words: jeden - every, nächsten - next,letzten - last (as in the last of a series), vorigen - previous. In der Woche is the expression for "during the week" in Northern and Eastern Germany, while unter der Wocheis used in Southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
12. Months of the Year / Die Monate
January
Januar
yah-noo-ahr
(Austria)
Jänner
yeh-ner
February
Februar
fay-broo-ahr
March
März
mehrts
April
April
ah-pril
May
Mai
my
June
Juni
yoo-nee
July
Juli
yoo-lee
August
August
ow-goost
September
September
zehp-tehm-ber
October
Oktober
ok-toh-ber
November
November
no-vehm-ber
December
Dezember
deh-tsem-ber
month
der Monat (-e)
moh-naht
year
das Jahr (-e)
yaar
monthly
monatlich
moh-naht-likh
yearly
jährlich
jehr-likh
To say in a certain month, use im.
Wann hast du Geburtstag? When is your birthday?
Mein Geburtstag ist im Mai. My birthday is in May.
13. Seasons / Die Jahreszeiten
Winter
der Winter
dehr vin-ter
Spring
der Frühling
dehr frew-ling
Summer
der Sommer
dehr zom-mer
Autumn
der Herbst
dehr hehrpst
To say in the + a season, use im.
14. Directions / Die Richtungen
right
rechts
left
links
straight
geradeaus
North
der Norden
South
der Süden
East
der Osten
West
der Westen
im Norden = in the North nach Osten = to the East aus Westen = from the West
15. Colors & Shapes / Die Farben & Die Formen
orange
orange
square
das Viereck
pink
rosa
circle
der Kreis
purple
violett / lila
triangle
das Dreieck
blue
blau
rectangle
das Rechteck
yellow
gelb
oval
das Oval
red
rot
octagon
das Achteck
black
schwarz
cube
der Würfel
brown
braun
sphere
die Kugel
gray
grau
cone
der Kegel
white
weiß
cylinder
der Zylinder
green
grün
turquoise
türkis
beige
beige
silver
silber
gold
gold
Because colors are adjectives, they must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe if they are placed before the noun. However, not all adjectives agree, such as colors ending in -a or -e; nor do they agree when they are used as predicate adjectives. More about Adjectives in German III. To say that a color is light, put hell-before it, and to say that a color is dark, put dunkel-before it.
Das Viereck ist braun. The square is brown. Das Rechteck ist hellblau. The rectange is light blue.
16. Time / Die Zeit
What time is it?
Wie spät ist es?
vee shpayt isst ess
(It is) 2 AM
Es ist zwei Uhr nachts
ess ist tsvy oor nahkts
2 PM
Es ist zwei Uhr nachmittags
tsvy oor nahk-mih-tahks
6:20
Es ist sechs Uhr zwanzig
zex oor tsvahn-tsikh
half past 3
Es ist halb vier
hahlp feer
quarter past 4
Es ist Viertel nach vier
feer-tel nahk feer
quarter to 5
Es ist Viertel vor fünf
feer-tel for fewnf
10 past 11
Es ist zehn nach elf
tsyan nahk elf
20 to 7
Es ist zwanzig vor sieben
tsvahn-tsikh for zee-bun
noon
Es ist nachmittag
nakh-mih-tahk
midnight
Es ist mitternacht
mih-ter-nahk
in the morning
morgens / früh
mawr-guns / frew
in the evening
abends
aah-bunts
It's exactly...
Es ist genau...
ess ist guh-now
At 8.
Um 8 Uhr.
oom akht oor
early(ier)
früh(er)
frew(er)
late(r)
spät(er)
shpayt(er)
Official time, such as for bus and train schedules, always uses the 24 hour clock. Notice that halb + number means half to, not half past, so you have to use the hour that comes next.
17. Weather / Das Wetter
How's the weather today?
Wie ist das Wetter heute?
vie ist dahs vet-ter hoy-tuh
It's hot
Es ist heiß
ess isst hise
It's cold
Es ist kalt
ess isst kahlt
It's beautiful
Es ist schön
ess isst shern
It's bad
Es ist schlecht
ess isst shlehkt
It's clear
Es ist klar
ess isst klahr
It's icy
Es ist eisig
ess isst ise-ikh
It's warm
Es ist warm
ess isst varm
It's sunny
Es ist sonnig
ess isst zohn-ikh
It's windy
Es ist windig
ess isst vin-dikh
It's cloudy
Es ist bewölkt
ess isst beh-verlkt
It's hazy
Es ist dunstig
ess isst doons-tikh
It's muggy
Es ist schwül
ess isst schvool
It's humid
Es ist feucht
ess isst foikht
It's foggy
Es ist nebelig
ess isst neh-beh-likh
It's snowing
Es schneit
ess schnite
It's raining
Es regnet
ess rayg-net
It's freezing
Es friert
ess freert
It looks like rain.
Es sieht nach Regen aus.
es seet nahkh ray-gen ows
The weather is clearing
Das Wetter klärt sich auf.
dahs vett-er klairt sikh owf
18. Family / Die Familie
Parents
die Eltern
Relative
der Verwandte (-n)
Mother
die Mutter (ü)
Man
der Mann (ä, -er)
Father
der Vater (ä)
Sir / Mister
der Herr (-en)
Son
der Sohn (ö, -e)
Woman / Ma'am / Mrs. / Ms.
die Frau (-en)
Daughter
die Tochter (ö)
Husband
der Ehemann (ä, -er)
Brother
der Bruder (ü)
Wife
die Ehefrau (-en)
Sister
die Schwester (-n)
Boy
der Junge (-n)
Grandparents
die Großeltern
Girl
das Mädchen (-)
Grandfather
der Großvater (ä)
Grandpa
der Opa (-s)
Grandmother
die Großmutter (ü)
Grandma
die Oma (-s)
Grandchildren
die Enkelkinder
Dad
der Vati
Grandson
der Enkel (-)
Mom
die Mutti
Granddaughter
die Enkelin (-nen)
Friend (m)
der Freund (-e)
Niece
die Nichte (-n)
Friend (f)
die Freundin (-nen)
Nephew
der Neffe (-n)
Partner / Significant Other (m)
der Partner (-)
Cousin (m)
der Vetter (-n)
Partner / Significant Other (f)
die Partnerin (-nen)
Cousin (f)
die Kusine (-n)
Marital Status
der Familienstand
Uncle
der Onkel (-)
Single
ledig
Aunt
die Tante (-n)
Married
verheiratet
Siblings
die Geschwister
Divorced
geschieden
Baby
das Baby (-s)
Male
männlich
Godfather
der Pate (-n)
Female
weiblich
Godmother
die Patin (-nen)
Child
das Kind (-er)
Step-
der/die Stief-
Toddler
das Kleinkind (-er)
-in-law
der/die Schwieger-
Teenager
der Teenager (-)
Brother-in-law
der Schwager (ä)
Adult
der Erwachsene (-n)
Sister-in-law
die Schwägerin (-nen)
Twin
der Zwilling (-e)
The letters in parentheses indicate the plural form of the noun. Notice that sometimes an umlaut is placed over the main vowel of the word in the plural. For example, der Mann is singular (the man) and die Männer is plural (the men). For step- and -in-law relations, just add Stief- or Schwieger-before the main person, except in the case of brother-in-law and sister-in-law noted above. The plurals follow the pattern for the main person, i.e.die Schwiegermutter (singular) and die Schwiegermütter(plural)
19. To Know People & Facts
kennen - to know people
wissen - to know facts
ich kenne
ken-nuh
wir kennen
ken-nun
ich weiß
vise
wir wissen
vih-sun
du kennst
kenst
ihr kennt
kent
du weißt
vist
ihr wisst
vihst
er/sie/es kennt
kent
sie/Sie kennen
ken-nun
er/sie/es weiß
vise
sie/Sie wissen
vih-sun
Kennen is a regular verb, while wissen is irregular in the present tense. You must use the subject pronouns (ich, du, er...); however, I will leave them out of future conjugations.
20. Formation of Plural Nouns
Plural nouns in German are unpredictable, so it's best to memorize the plural form with the singular. However, here are some rules that can help:
1. Feminine nouns usually add -n or -en. Nouns that end in -in (such as the female equivalents of masculine nouns) add -nen.
eine Lampe
zwei Lampen
eine Tür
zwei Türen
eine Studentin
zwei Studentinnen
eine Gabel
zwei Gabeln
2. Masculine and neuter nouns usually add -e or-er. Many masculine plural nouns ending in -e add an umlaut as well, but neuter plural nouns ending in -e don't. Plurals that end in -er add an umlaut when the stem vowel is a, o , u orau.
Masculine
Neuter
ein Rock
zwei Röcke
ein Heft
zwei Hefte
ein Mann
zwei Männer
ein Buch
zwei Bücher
3. Masculine and neuter singular nouns that end in -ereither add an umlaut or change nothing at all. Many nouns with a stem vowel of a, o, u or au add an umlaut. Masculine and neuter singular nouns that end in -el also add nothing at all (with three exceptions: Pantoffel, Stachel, Muskel).
Masculine
Neuter
ein Bruder
zwei Brüder
ein Fenster
zwei Fenster
ein Kegel
zwei Kegel
ein Mittel
zwei Mittel
4. Nouns that end in a vowel other than an unstressed -e and nouns of foreign origin add -s.
ein Hobby
zwei Hobbys
ein Hotel
zwei Hotels
AUTRES
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