Prepositions - Contractions
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at / to / in
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à
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/a/
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during
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pendant
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/pɑ̃dɑ̃/
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from / of / about
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de
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/də/
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since / for
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depuis
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/dəpɥi/
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at the house of
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chez
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/ʃe/
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among
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parmi
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/paʀmi/
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in
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dans / en
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/dɑ̃/ /ɑ̃/
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between
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entre
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/ɑ̃tʀ/
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for
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pour
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/puʀ/
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around
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autour de
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/otuʀdə/
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by / through
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par
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/paʀ/
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against
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contre
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/kɔ̃tʀ/
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in front of
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devant
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/dəvɑ̃/
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toward
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vers / envers
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/vɛʀ/ /ɑ̃nvɛʀ/
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behind
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derrière
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/dɛʀjɛʀ/
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through / across
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à travers
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/atʀavɛʀ/
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before
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avant
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/avɑ̃/
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with
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avec
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/avɛk/
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after
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après
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/apʀɛ/
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without
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sans
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/sɑ̃/
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up
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en haut
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/ɑ̃no/
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inside
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dedans / à l'intérieur
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/dədɑ̃/ /alɛ̃teʀjœʀ/
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down
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en bas
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/ɑ̃ba/
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outside
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dehors / à l'extérieur
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/dəɔʀ/ /alɛksteʀjœʀ/
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on
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sur
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/syʀ/
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outside of
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hors de / en dehors de
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/ɔʀdə/ /ɑ̃ndəɔʀdə/
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over / above
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au-dessus de
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/odəsydə/
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because of
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à cause de
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/akozdə/
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under / below
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sous / au-dessous de
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/su/ /odəsudə/
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according to
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selon / d'après
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/səlɔ̃/ /dapʀɛ/
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across from
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en face de
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/ɑ̃fasdə/
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approximately
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environ
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/ɑ̃viʀɔ̃/
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near
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près de
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/pʀɛdə/
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in spite of
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malgré
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/malgʀe/
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far from
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loin de
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/lwɛ̃də/
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as for
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quant à
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/kɑ̃ta/
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You can also use dessus and dessous as adverbs to mean over it / on top of it and beneath it / underneath it, respectively. They are not followed by nouns or pronouns, unlike prepositions.
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Prepositional Contractions
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à + le = au
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/o/
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at / to / in the
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à + les = aux
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/o/
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at / to / in the (pl.)
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de + le = du
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/dy/
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of / from / about the
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de + les = des
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/de/
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of / from / about the (pl.)
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In: Dans vs. En
Dans is used to show the time when an action will begin, while en shows the length of time an action takes.
Je pars dans quinze minutes. I'm leaving in 15 minutes.
Il peut lire ce livre en une demi-heure. He can read this book in a half hour.
With: Avec vs. De vs. A vs. Chez
Avec implies doing something or going along with someone; de is used in phrases of manner and in many idiomatic expressions; à is used when referring to someone's attributes; and chez is used to mean "as far as (person) is concerned." To describe the way a person carries him/herself, no extra word is used.
Je vais en France avec ma sœur. I'm going to France with my sister.
Elle me remercie d'un sourire. She thanks me with a smile.
L'homme aux cheveux roux est très grand. The man with the red hair is very tall.
Chez cet enfant, tout est simple. With this child, everything is simple.
Il marche, les mains dans les poches. He walks with his hands in his pockets.
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