Y & En
Y and en are both pronouns that go before the verb. Y (ee) means it or there. En (awn) means some or some (of them), or of it. They replace prepositional phrases. In French, the phrases will begin with à (or any contraction of it), en, sur, sous, chez, devant, derrière, dans, etc. for y; and de (or any contraction of it) or a number for en. They cannot replace people unless the person is introduced with an indefinite article, partitive, number or quantity. Sometimes y and en have no direct translation in English. Remember that they go before the verb, except in a command, in which they follow the verb and are connected with a hyphen. The -er verbs also add the -s they lost when forming the you (familiar) command.
Sample Sentences
Do you want some apples? |
Voulez-vous des pommes? |
Do you want some? |
En voulez-vous? |
I have three sisters. |
J'ai trois sœurs. |
I have three (of them). |
J'en ai trois. |
It is in the drawer |
Il est dans le tiroir. |
It is there. |
Il y est. |
I am going to Detroit. |
Je vais à Détroit. |
I am going there. |
J'y vais. |
I am going to go to Atlanta. |
Je vais aller à Atlanta. |
I am going to go there. |
Je vais y aller. |
Answer the telephone! |
Répondez au téléphone ! |
Answer it! (formal) |
Répondez-y ! |
Stay there! (familiar) |
Restes-y ! |
Don't stay there! (familiar) |
N'y reste pas. |
Y and en can also replace a phrase or clause, especially with verbs that require à or de after them:
I think a lot about these stories. |
Je réfléchis beaucoup à ces histoires. |
I think about them a lot. |
J'y réfléchis beaucoup. |
He obeyed the rules. |
Il a obéi aux règles. |
He obeyed them. |
Il y a obéi. |
We don't need this book. |
On n'a pas besoin de ce livre. |
We don't need it. |
On n'en a pas besoin. |
She's using the computer. |
Elle se sert de l'ordinateur. |
She's using it. |
Elle s'en sert. |
Notice y and en don't go after the verb in negative commands. Treat them like pronouns. Ne or Je plus y or en all contract to N'y, J'y, N'en, and J'en. When you have a conjugated verb plus an infinitive (vais and aller), the y or en go in between the two verbs.
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